minusworld.r2c-python-ci
r2cScan for runtime errors, logic bus, and high-confidence security vulnerabilities. Recommended for use in CI to block serious issues from reaching production.
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Rules (53)
returntocorpAvoid using insecure deserialization library, backed by `pickle`, `_pickle`, `cpickle`, `dill`, `shelve`, or `yaml`, which are known to lead to remote code execution vulnerabilities.
returntocorpDetected a Jinja2 environment without autoescaping. Jinja2 does not autoescape by default. This is dangerous if you are rendering to a browser because this allows for cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks. If you are in a web context, enable autoescaping by setting 'autoescape=True.' You may also consider using 'jinja2.select_autoescape()' to only enable automatic escaping for certain file extensions.
returntocorpDetected user data flowing into eval. This is code injection and should be avoided.
returntocorpDetected user data flowing into exec. This is code injection and should be avoided.
returntocorpThis rule is deprecated.
returntocorpFunction $F mutates default dict $D. Python only instantiates default function arguments once and shares the instance across the function calls. If the default function argument is mutated, that will modify the instance used by all future function calls. This can cause unexpected results, or lead to security vulnerabilities whereby one function consumer can view or modify the data of another function consumer. Instead, use a default argument (like None) to indicate that no argument was provided and instantiate a new dictionary at that time. For example: `if $D is None: $D = {}`.
returntocorpFunction $F mutates default list $D. Python only instantiates default function arguments once and shares the instance across the function calls. If the default function argument is mutated, that will modify the instance used by all future function calls. This can cause unexpected results, or lead to security vulnerabilities whereby one function consumer can view or modify the data of another function consumer. Instead, use a default argument (like None) to indicate that no argument was provided and instantiate a new list at that time. For example: `if $D is None: $D = []`.
returntocorpIt appears that `$DICT[$KEY]` is a dict with items being deleted while in a for loop. This is usually a bad idea and will likely lead to a RuntimeError: dictionary changed size during iteration
returntocorpUser data detected in os.system. This could be vulnerable to a command injection and should be avoided. If this must be done, use the 'subprocess' module instead and pass the arguments as a list.
returntocorpFound request data in a call to 'open'. Ensure the request data is validated or sanitized, otherwise it could result in path traversal attacks.
returntocorpData from request object is passed to a new server-side request. This could lead to a server-side request forgery (SSRF). To mitigate, ensure that schemes and hosts are validated against an allowlist, do not forward the response to the user, and ensure proper authentication and transport-layer security in the proxied request.
returntocorpThis expression is always True: `$X == $X` or `$X != $X`. If testing for floating point NaN, use `math.isnan($X)`, or `cmath.isnan($X)` if the number is complex.
returntocorpCertificate verification has been explicitly disabled. This permits insecure connections to insecure servers. Re-enable certification validation.
returntocorpAuthentication detected over HTTP. HTTP does not provide any encryption or protection for these authentication credentials. This may expose these credentials to unauthorized parties. Use 'https://' instead.
returntocorpUsing '$F.name' without '.flush()' or '.close()' may cause an error because the file may not exist when '$F.name' is used. Use '.flush()' or close the file before using '$F.name'.
returntocorpif block checks for the same condition on both branches (`$X`)
returntocorpkey `$X` is uselessly assigned twice
returntocorpFound user data in a call to 'eval'. This is extremely dangerous because it can enable an attacker to execute arbitrary remote code on the system. Instead, refactor your code to not use 'eval' and instead use a safe library for the specific functionality you need.
returntocorpFound user data in a call to 'exec'. This is extremely dangerous because it can enable an attacker to execute arbitrary remote code on the system. Instead, refactor your code to not use 'eval' and instead use a safe library for the specific functionality you need.
returntocorpMass assignment detected. This can result in assignment to model fields that are unintended and can be exploited by an attacker. Instead of using '**request.$W', assign each field you want to edit individually to prevent mass assignment. You can read more about mass assignment at https://cheatsheetseries.owasp.org/cheatsheets/Mass_Assignment_Cheat_Sheet.html.
returntocorp'$VAR' is using the empty string as its default and is being used to set the password on '$MODEL'. If you meant to set an unusable password, set the default value to 'None' or call 'set_unusable_password()'.
returntocorpFound request data as an index to 'globals()'. This is extremely dangerous because it allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code on the system. Refactor your code not to use 'globals()'.
returntocorpFound a template created with string formatting. This is susceptible to server-side template injection and cross-site scripting attacks.
returntocorpA hard-coded credential was detected. It is not recommended to store credentials in source-code, as this risks secrets being leaked and used by either an internal or external malicious adversary. It is recommended to use environment variables to securely provide credentials or retrieve credentials from a secure vault or HSM (Hardware Security Module).
returntocorpDetected Blowfish cipher algorithm which is considered insecure. The algorithm has many known vulnerabilities. Use AES instead.
returntocorpDetected IDEA cipher algorithm which is considered insecure. The algorithm is considered weak and has been deprecated. Use AES instead.
returntocorpDetected RC4 cipher algorithm which is considered insecure. The algorithm has many known vulnerabilities. Use AES instead.
returntocorpDetected ECB cipher mode which is considered insecure. The algorithm can potentially leak information about the plaintext. Use CBC mode instead.
returntocorpDetected MD5 hash algorithm which is considered insecure. MD5 is not collision resistant and is therefore not suitable as a cryptographic signature. Use SHA256 or SHA3 instead.
returntocorpDetected SHA1 hash algorithm which is considered insecure. SHA1 is not collision resistant and is therefore not suitable as a cryptographic signature. Use SHA256 or SHA3 instead.
returntocorpAn insecure SSL version was detected. TLS versions 1.0, 1.1, and all SSL versions are considered weak encryption and are deprecated. Use 'ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2' or higher.
returntocorpDetected MD5 hash algorithm which is considered insecure. MD5 is not collision resistant and is therefore not suitable as a cryptographic signature. Use SHA256 or SHA3 instead.
returntocorpDetected SHA1 hash algorithm which is considered insecure. SHA1 is not collision resistant and is therefore not suitable as a cryptographic signature. Use SHA256 or SHA3 instead.
returntocorpUnverified SSL context detected. This will permit insecure connections without verifying SSL certificates. Use 'ssl.create_default_context' instead.
returntocorpThe Python documentation recommends using `defusedxml` instead of `xml` because the native Python `xml` library is vulnerable to XML External Entity (XXE) attacks. These attacks can leak confidential data and "XML bombs" can cause denial of service.
returntocorpDetected Blowfish cipher algorithm which is considered insecure. The algorithm has many known vulnerabilities. Use AES instead.
returntocorpDetected DES cipher algorithm which is considered insecure. The algorithm is considered weak and has been deprecated. Use AES instead.
returntocorpDetected RC2 cipher algorithm which is considered insecure. The algorithm has known vulnerabilities and is difficult to use securely. Use AES instead.
returntocorpDetected RC4 cipher algorithm which is considered insecure. The algorithm has many known vulnerabilities. Use AES instead.
returntocorpDetected XOR cipher algorithm which is considered insecure. This algorithm is not cryptographically secure and can be reversed easily. Use AES instead.
returntocorpDetected MD2 hash algorithm which is considered insecure. This algorithm has many known vulnerabilities and has been deprecated. Use SHA256 or SHA3 instead.
returntocorpDetected MD4 hash algorithm which is considered insecure. This algorithm has many known vulnerabilities and has been deprecated. Use SHA256 or SHA3 instead.
returntocorpDetected MD5 hash algorithm which is considered insecure. MD5 is not collision resistant and is therefore not suitable as a cryptographic signature. Use SHA256 or SHA3 instead.
returntocorpDetected SHA1 hash algorithm which is considered insecure. SHA1 is not collision resistant and is therefore not suitable as a cryptographic signature. Use SHA256 or SHA3 instead.
returntocorpDetected the use of an insecure deserialization library in a Flask route. These libraries are prone to code execution vulnerabilities. Ensure user data does not enter this function. To fix this, try to avoid serializing whole objects. Consider instead using a serializer such as JSON.
returntocorpDetected an insufficient curve size for EC. NIST recommends a key size of 224 or higher. For example, use 'ec.SECP256R1'.
returntocorpDetected use of xmlrpc. xmlrpc is not inherently safe from vulnerabilities. Use defusedxml.xmlrpc instead.
returntocorpFound string comparison using 'is' operator. The 'is' operator is for reference equality, not value equality, and therefore should not be used to compare strings. For more information, see https://github.com/satwikkansal/wtfpython#-how-not-to-use-is-operator"
returntocorpIt appears that `$LIST` is a list that is being modified while in a for loop. This will likely cause a runtime error or an infinite loop.
returntocorpUsing strings as booleans in Python has unexpected results. `"one" and "two"` will return "two". `"one" or "two"` will return "one". In Python, strings are truthy, and strings with a non-zero length evaluate to True.
returntocorpIn Python 'X is not ...' is different from 'X is (not ...)'. In the latter the 'not' converts the '...' directly to boolean.
returntocorp`return` should never appear inside a class __init__ function. This will cause a runtime error.
returntocorp`yield` should never appear inside a class __init__ function. This will cause a runtime error.