ruby.rails.security.audit.xss.templates.dangerous-link-to.dangerous-link-to

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Detected a template variable used in 'link_to'. This will generate dynamic data in the 'href' attribute. This allows a malicious actor to input the 'javascript:' URI and is subject to cross- site scripting (XSS) attacks. If using a relative URL, start with a literal forward slash and concatenate the URL, like this: 'link_to "Here", "/"+@link'. You may also consider setting the Content Security Policy (CSP) header.

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Defintion

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rules:
  - id: dangerous-link-to
    message: "Detected a template variable used in 'link_to'. This will generate
      dynamic data in the 'href' attribute. This allows a malicious actor to
      input the 'javascript:' URI and is subject to cross- site scripting (XSS)
      attacks. If using a relative URL, start with a literal forward slash and
      concatenate the URL, like this: 'link_to \"Here\", \"/\"+@link'. You may
      also consider setting the Content Security Policy (CSP) header."
    metadata:
      source-rule-url: https://github.com/presidentbeef/brakeman/blob/main/lib/brakeman/checks/check_link_to.rb
      cwe:
        - "CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation
          ('Cross-site Scripting')"
      owasp:
        - A07:2017 - Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
        - A03:2021 - Injection
      references:
        - https://cheatsheetseries.owasp.org/cheatsheets/Ruby_on_Rails_Cheat_Sheet.html#cross-site-scripting-xss
        - https://brakemanscanner.org/docs/warning_types/link_to_href/
      category: security
      technology:
        - rails
      cwe2022-top25: true
      cwe2021-top25: true
      subcategory:
        - audit
      likelihood: LOW
      impact: MEDIUM
      confidence: LOW
      license: Commons Clause License Condition v1.0[LGPL-2.1-only]
      vulnerability_class:
        - Cross-Site-Scripting (XSS)
    languages:
      - generic
    paths:
      include:
        - "*.erb"
    severity: WARNING
    patterns:
      - pattern-inside: <%= ... %>
      - pattern-not-inside: link_to ... "/" + ... @$VAR
      - pattern-not-inside: link_to ... '/' + ... @$VAR
      - pattern: link_to ... @$VAR

Examples

dangerous-link-to.erb

<h1>Welcome#index</h1>
<p>Find me in app/views/welcome/index.html.erb</p>
<!-- ok: dangerous-link-to -->
<%= link_to "Go here", "/blahblah" %>
<!-- ok: dangerous-link-to -->
<%= link_to "Go here", "/"+@link %>
<!-- ruleid: dangerous-link-to -->
<%= link_to "Go here", @link %>