bash.lang.correctness.unquoted-expansion.unquoted-command-substitution-in-command

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The result of command substitution $(...) or ..., if unquoted, is split on whitespace or other separators specified by the IFS variable. You should surround it with double quotes to avoid splitting the result.

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Defintion

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rules:
  - id: unquoted-command-substitution-in-command
    languages:
      - bash
    severity: INFO
    message: The result of command substitution $(...) or `...`, if unquoted, is
      split on whitespace or other separators specified by the IFS variable. You
      should surround it with double quotes to avoid splitting the result.
    metadata:
      category: correctness
      technology:
        - bash
      license: Commons Clause License Condition v1.0[LGPL-2.1-only]
    patterns:
      - pattern-either:
          - pattern: |
              ... $(...) ...
          - pattern: |
              ... ...$(...)... ...

Examples

unquoted-expansion.bash

##################### Variable expansion #############################

# ruleid: unquoted-variable-expansion-in-command
exec $foo

# ruleid: unquoted-variable-expansion-in-command
exec $FOO

# ruleid: unquoted-variable-expansion-in-command
exec ${foo}

# ruleid: unquoted-variable-expansion-in-command
exec $1

# ruleid: unquoted-variable-expansion-in-command
exec ${foo%.bar}

# ruleid: unquoted-variable-expansion-in-command
exec $foo.bar

# ruleid: unquoted-variable-expansion-in-command
exec ${foo}.bar

# ok: unquoted-variable-expansion-in-command
exec "$foo"

# ok: unquoted-variable-expansion-in-command
exec "$FOO"

# ok: unquoted-variable-expansion-in-command
exec "${foo}"

# ok: unquoted-variable-expansion-in-command
exec "$1"

# ok: unquoted-variable-expansion-in-command
exec "${foo%.bar}"

# ok: unquoted-variable-expansion-in-command
exec "${foo}.bar"

# ok: unquoted-variable-expansion-in-command
exec "${foo}".bar

# ok: unquoted-variable-expansion-in-command
exec "$foo".bar

# ok: unquoted-variable-expansion-in-command
x=$foo

# ok: unquoted-variable-expansion-in-command
PATH=$foo:$PATH bar

# Expands without splitting (if IFS wasn't tempered with)
# ok: unquoted-variable-expansion-in-command
echo $$

# Special exception for semgrep users: $_foo is tolerated.
# ok: unquoted-variable-expansion-in-command
echo $_foo

##################### Command substitution #############################

# ruleid: unquoted-command-substitution-in-command
exec $(foo)

# ruleid: unquoted-command-substitution-in-command
exec `foo`

# ruleid: unquoted-command-substitution-in-command
exec $(foo)bar

# ruleid: unquoted-command-substitution-in-command
exec bar$(foo)

# ruleid: unquoted-command-substitution-in-command
exec bar$(foo)bar

# ruleid: unquoted-command-substitution-in-command
exec bar`foo`bar

# ok: unquoted-command-substitution-in-command
exec "$(foo)"

# ok: unquoted-command-substitution-in-command
exec "`foo`"

# ok: unquoted-command-substitution-in-command
exec "bar$(foo)bar"

# ok: unquoted-command-substitution-in-command
x=$(foo)